Identification of the mechanism(s) responsible for drug reinforcement is a key step in understanding the mechanism of reinforcement learning. but has so far proven elusive.The dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra pars compacta. located within the ventral mesencephalon. are a central locus for drug reinforcement.Even a single exposure to cocaine is sufficient to alter the biophysical properties of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) on dopamine neurons.
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