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Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a complication of diabetes and the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults, is a retinal disease whose prolonged course typically begins years prior to diagnosis. DR is presently diagnosed by clinical findings on examination; by the time these are visible, significant irreversible damage to the retina has already occurred for most patients. Insufficient oxygen delivery and hypoxia associated with the energy-demanding photoreceptors has been implicated in the early stage of the disease.

UT Health San Antonio
Duong, Timothy Q.

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a group of disorders characterized by dysfunctional blood cells that can progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). At this time the etiology of MDS development and progression to AML is not understood and there is no cure (median survival at time of diagnosis is less than 5 years). Yet, DNA damage and mutations appear to play a key role with the initiating defect in a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC). In support, people with certain DNA repair defective syndromes including Fanconi anemia (FA) and Bloom syndrome (BS) exhibit MDS.

UT Health San Antonio
Hasty, Edward Paul