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Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world, is characterized by progressive degeneration of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the retinal nerve fiber layer, and the optic nerve. Glaucoma is often associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), and because the increased IOP exerts a compressing force on the blood vessels in the eye, it has long been hypothesized that the RGC damage is caused by mild, but chronic, reduction of basal blood flow and/or blood-flow dysregulation.

UT Health San Antonio
Duong, Timothy Q.

Inhibition of the renal SGLT2 transporter has proven to be an effective therapeutic interventionto reduce plasma glucose levels and HbA1c in type 2 diabetic patients. The glycemic-loweringefficacy of the SGLT2 inhibitors results from two distinct mechanisms: (i) induction ofglucosuria, which amounts to ~70-90 grams per day and (ii) amelioration of glucotoxicity leadingto increased insulin sensitivity in muscle and improved beta cell function (JCI 124:509-514,2014).

UT Health San Antonio
DeFronzo, Ralph A