The protein-derived cysteine-tyrosine (Cys-Tyr) redox cofactor is present in a growing number of iron- and copper-containing proteins. Its presence enables or significantly enhances the capacity of the host metalloprotein to mediate a specific redox process. However. the mechanism of Cys-Tyr biosynthesis remains poorly understood due to several intrinsic challenges. particularly its formation from self-processing due to uncoupled oxidation reactions in non-heme iron-dependent enzymes.

Overview:
 A primary goal of biological anthropology is to understand the evolutionary processes behind primate and human adaptation and phenotypic diversity. Body size shifts over time may have
 contributed to primate diversification. adaptation to varied habitats and lifestyles. and encephalization. including in the hominin lineage. It is largely accepted that primates have
 followed a trend of increasing body size over time; however. size reduction (phyletic miniaturization) has convergently evolved within hominins and multiple primate clades.

OVERVIEW.The objective of the proposed research project is to evolve catalytic cycloaddition reactions that originate through metallovinylcarbene [3+n]-cycloaddition processes in new directions. We will develop transformations made possible with [3+n]-cycloaddition products. will advance Br??nsted acid catalyzed cycloaddition reactions for efficient. previously unattainable molecular constructions. and will use novel chiral donor-acceptor (D-A) cyclopropanes for cycloaddition that occurs with retention of configuration.

Species are often distributed discontinuously across their total geographic range. Understanding how these patterns originated is a major question in systematics and biogeography. Habitat fragmentation has often been invoked to explain population isolation. which. over prolonged periods of time. can lead to speciation. One example of a region where species patterns may have been shaped by historical habitat fragmentation is the humid Guineo-Congolean evergreen and semi-evergreen forests of West and West-central Africa. In this region.

Statistics are staggering: in the U.S. alone. nearly six million affected. sixth most common cause of death. over $300 billion per year in direct care costs and billions more in unpaid care. billions of dollars in research and Alzheimers disease (AD) has no effective therapy to reverse let alone arrest progression. AD is the only common disease increasing every year. Described over a century ago and with thousands of talented researchers studying it. AD has no effective drugs to prevent. treat or cure it. For 20 years I have argued against the dominant theory.

The objective of this proposal is to interrogate the interaction(s) between EBOV and macrophage podosomes, mechanosensitive adhesive structures used by macrophages to migrate through tissues and sample antigens.